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France - Executive summary
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France - Executive summaryBACKGROUND RESEARCH REPORT Executive summary French law forbids distinguishing, or counting, citizens or residents according to their faith. However, estimates place the French Muslim population at between 3.5 and 5 million, representing 6.0-8.5 per cent of the total population (58.5 million). This total includes at least 2 million Muslims with French citizenship. The majority of Muslims in France have origins in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia — the Maghreb). There are also large populations with origins in Turkey, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Muslim migration to France began before World War I, but significantly expanded after World War II, when French companies, in need of immigrants to fill gaps in the labour market, recruited from the Maghreb, the countries of the Sahel area (Senegal, Mali and Mauritania), and later from Turkey. This first wave of economic immigration was suspended in 1974. In the 1970s, immigration occurred mainly through family reunification; although tight restrictions had been put in place, many women and children joined the male immigrants and settled in France. The next wave of immigration was the arrival of political refugees from Turkey, after the military coup d’état in 1980. In the second half of the 1980s, Kurds from Turkey also arrived in France as asylum-seekers. French Muslim immigrants were mostly employed in industries such as car production, the building trade and the chemical and metallurgical industries. They settled in areas where industrial activities and cheap housing were concentrated, a pattern that has been retained to this day. The most significant Muslim populations are in the following régions (counties): Île-de-France (where Muslims comprise up to 35 per cent of the population), Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur, PACA (20 per cent), Rhône-Alpes (15 per cent), Nord-Pas-de-Calais (10 per cent) and Alsace. |
Related Library Resources »Amnesty International Report 2009: Europe and Central Asia 2009-05-28 · Amnesty International (AI) Amnesty International’s Report 2009 draws attention to the fact that at the beginning of August 2008, two European states went to war for the first time in almost a decade. The report states that since the conflicts of the early 1990s, Europe had assumed a degree of stability in terms of its economy, security and embedding the rule of law, but these events showed how potentially fragile the security assumptions underpinning post-Cold War Europe could ... The Gallup Coexist Index 2009: A Global Study of Interfaith Relations 2009-05-08 · Gallup The Gallup Coexist Index 2009: A Global Study of Interfaith Relations is Gallup’s first report of public perceptions visà- vis people of different faiths. This analysis provides the reader with insight into the state of relations between people of different religions spanning four continents. The report also explores attitudes and perceptions among Muslims and the general public in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom about issues of coexistence, integration, values, identity, and radicalization. Racism: Europeans ought to be more self-critical 2009-04-14 · Policy Dialogue International This article is by Thomas Hammarberg, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights. Hammarberg seeks to highlight the fact that Europe is not a racism-free zone. During his visits to European countries, Hammarberg recounts meeting people who are victims of racist acts, xenophobia and other forms of intolerance. Among them are the Roma, Sinti and Travellers, Africans or persons of African descent, members of Jewish communities, members of Muslim communities, national, ethnic or religious ... Violence Against Muslims 2009-04-07 · Human Rights First This document is an excerpt from Human Rights First’s 2008 Hate Crime Survey, which includes sections examining six facets of violent hate crime in the 56 countries that comprise the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE): Violence Based on Racism and Xenophobia, Antisemitic Violence, Violence Against Muslims, Violence Based on Religious Intolerance, Violence Against Roma, and Violence Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Bias. The Survey also examines government responses to violent ... The Securitisation of Islam in Europe 2009-04 · Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) This paper by Jocelyne Cesari summarizes the main hypotheses and results of the research on the securitization of Islam. It posits that the securitization of Islam is not only a speech act but also a policymaking process that affects the making of immigration laws, multicultural policies, antidiscrimination measures and security policies. The paper deconstructs and analyses the premises of such policies as well as their consequences on the civic and political participation of Muslims. The ...
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