This paper examines the situation of mixed migration in the EU and seeks to put forward a number of ideas that could usefully be considered in the present debate on access to protection and responsibility-sharing in the field of asylum. UNHCR discusses a number of 'tools' or initiatives which have been proposed, which could be developed or pursued to help the States in question and those seeking asylum, including internal relocation of some people granted protection; greater free movement rights for such people; streamlined family reunification within the EU; effective uptake and use of EC funds, and others.

This country report on Lithuania was drafted during the initial stages of the EC study "Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-based Approach" , with the intention of obtaining a better view of regulatory measures in the broad sense – including co- and self-regulatory measures – adopted in the Member States to promote or safeguard, directly or indirectly, pluralism in the media. The resulting overview facilitated the development of methods for assessing the effective implementation of regulatory safeguards, which had to be, according to the Terms of Reference for the study, an intrinsic element of the legal indicators.

The Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Thomas Hammarberg, conducted a visit to Kosovo from 23 to 27 March 2009. Besides Prishtinë/Priština, the Commissioner and his delegation visited north Mitrovica/Mitrovicë, including the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian camps of Česmin Lug and Osterode. In this report, the Commissioner seeks to analyse the human rights challenges for the people living in Kosovo without entering into the broader political context, which is not within his mandate. This report does not aim to provide an exhaustive analysis of the human rights situation in Kosovo, but rather reflects priority concerns which the Commissioner has identified during his visit.

This country report on Poland was drafted during the initial stages of the EC study "Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-based Approach" , with the intention of obtaining a better view of regulatory measures in the broad sense – including co- and self-regulatory measures – adopted in the Member States to promote or safeguard, directly or indirectly, pluralism in the media. The resulting overview facilitated the development of methods for assessing the effective implementation of regulatory safeguards, which had to be, according to the Terms of Reference for the study, an intrinsic element of the legal indicators.

The objective of the study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States was to develop a monitoring tool for assessing risks for media pluralism in the EU Member States and identifying threats to such pluralism based on a set of indicators, covering pertinent legal, economic and socio-cultural considerations. This final report describes the approach and method used to design these indicators and their integration into a risk-based framework.

This country report on Austria was drafted during the initial stages of the EC study "Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-based Approach" , with the intention of obtaining a better view of regulatory measures in the broad sense – including co- and self-regulatory measures – adopted in the Member States to promote or safeguard, directly or indirectly, pluralism in the media. The resulting overview facilitated the development of methods for assessing the effective implementation of regulatory safeguards, which had to be, according to the Terms of Reference for the study, an intrinsic element of the legal indicators.

This country report on Bulgaria was drafted during the initial stages of the EC study "Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-based Approach" , with the intention of obtaining a better view of regulatory measures in the broad sense – including co- and self-regulatory measures – adopted in the Member States to promote or safeguard, directly or indirectly, pluralism in the media. The resulting overview facilitated the development of methods for assessing the effective implementation of regulatory safeguards, which had to be, according to the Terms of Reference for the study, an intrinsic element of the legal indicators.

This country report on Slovenia was drafted during the initial stages of the EC study "Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-based Approach" , with the intention of obtaining a better view of regulatory measures in the broad sense – including co- and self-regulatory measures – adopted in the Member States to promote or safeguard, directly or indirectly, pluralism in the media. The resulting overview facilitated the development of methods for assessing the effective implementation of regulatory safeguards, which had to be, according to the Terms of Reference for the study, an intrinsic element of the legal indicators.

This country report on Latvia was drafted during the initial stages of the EC study "Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-based Approach" , with the intention of obtaining a better view of regulatory measures in the broad sense – including co- and self-regulatory measures – adopted in the Member States to promote or safeguard, directly or indirectly, pluralism in the media. The resulting overview facilitated the development of methods for assessing the effective implementation of regulatory safeguards, which had to be, according to the Terms of Reference for the study, an intrinsic element of the legal indicators.

This country report on the Netherlands was drafted during the initial stages of the EC study "Independent Study on Indicators for Media Pluralism in the Member States – Towards a Risk-based Approach" , with the intention of obtaining a better view of regulatory measures in the broad sense – including co- and self-regulatory measures – adopted in the Member States to promote or safeguard, directly or indirectly, pluralism in the media. The resulting overview facilitated the development of methods for assessing the effective implementation of regulatory safeguards, which had to be, according to the Terms of Reference for the study, an intrinsic element of the legal indicators.